Razumijevanje osnova privatnosti u zdravstvenoj zaštiti

Achieving and maintaining patient privacy and data protection are inevitable in providing trustworthy healthcare, but often the topics that have not been given enough attention. Understanding privacy basics is crucial for empowering citizens in care, e. g. patients and protégés as well as healthcare workers while providing healthcare. This work covers the following areas and topics of the privacy basics in the context of healthcare: privacy as a human right; short history of privacy; personal privacy protection; privacy and dignity; privacy vs. confidentiality; privacy and availability; cybersecurity vs. privacy; cybersecurity including “CIA triad” and patient safety; privacy in healthcare including legal aspects of data protection. Although this work is suitable for readers with no previous knowledge in privacy, it is useful to relate to everyday-life examples from private and professional surroundings when learning about privacy in healthcare, from both patient and healthcare worker perspectives if applicable. Privacy protection, patient data confidentiality and overall cybersecurity are of huge importance in achieving reliable, trustworthy, safe, and secure environment for both patients and healthcare workers as well as the data they process in any applicable sense.Ostvarivanje i očuvanje privatnosti pacijenata i zaštite podataka neizbježni su u pružanju pouzdane zdravstvene skrbi, ali često i teme kojima se ne pridaje dovoljno pažnje. Razumijevanje osnova privatnosti ključno je za osnaživanje građana u skrbi, npr. pacijenata i štićenika kao i zdravstvenih radnika pri pružanju zdravstvene zaštite. Ovaj rad pokriva sljedeća područja i teme osnova privatnosti u kontekstu zdravstvene zaštite: privatnost kao ljudsko pravo; kratka povijest privatnosti; zaštita osobne privatnosti; privatnost i dostojanstvo; privatnost i povjerljivost; privatnost i raspoloživost; kibernetička sigurnost nasuprot privatnosti; kibernetička sigurnost uključujući „CIA trojku“ i sigurnost pacijenata; privatnost u zdravstvu uključujući pravne aspekte zaštite podataka. Iako je ovaj rad prikladan za čitatelje bez predznanja o privatnosti, korisno je pozvati se na primjere iz svakodnevnog života iz privatnog i profesionalnog okruženja kada se uči o privatnosti u zdravstvu, kako iz perspektive pacijenata tako i iz perspektive zdravstvenog radnika ako je primjenjivo. Zaštita privatnosti, povjerljivost podataka o pacijentima i cjelokupna kibernetička sigurnost od velike su važnosti u postizanju pouzdanog, vjerodostojnog, sigurnog i štićenog okruženja za pacijente i zdravstvene radnike, kao i podatke koje obrađuju u bilo kojem primjenjivom smislu

U paneuropskoj vježbi „Cyber Europe 2022“ otpornost europskog zdravstvenog sustava testirali i hrvatski stručnjaci

Kako bi se osiguralo povjerenje građana u medicinske usluge i infrastrukturu koje su im dostupne, zdravstvene usluge moraju funkcionirati u svakom trenutku. Ako bi došlo do ozbiljnog kibernetičkog napada na zdravstvene usluge i infrastrukturu u Europi, kako bismo na to reagirali te koordinirali odgovor na nacionalnoj razini i na razini EU-a da se ograniče incidenti i spriječi eskalacija? Upravo se na to pitanje pokušalo naći odgovor u sklopu vježbe „Cyber Europe 2022“

A CIVIC CROWDINVESTING INTO RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE

Crowdfunding is a collective effort of many individuals who network, usually online, and pool their resources to support efforts initiated by other people or organizations. Crowdfunding has various forms, including donations, microloans and ownership shares. This paper presents an experience report of local self-government in City of Križevci, Croatia, in conducting a civic crowdinvesting project in May 2018, aimed to set up an integrated photovoltaic power plant with the power of 30 kW. One of the City’s strategic goals for the next ten years is to achieve energy independence of public administration and institutions, as well as to popularize solar power plants as renewable energy sources affordable to citizens and acceptable to environment. The project named "Sunny Roofs of Križevci" was based on citizen investments in renewable energy sources with the microloan principle. In September 2018, the power plant was set on the roof of the administrative building of the Development Center and Technological Park Križevci. Loans to investors will return with 4.5% of interest over a period of 10 years, from the income generated by electricity production of the plant. This was the first project micro-financed by citizens in the field of renewable energy sources in Croatia

Towards Ontology-Based Requirements Engineering for IoT-Supported Well-Being, Aging and Health

Ontologies serve as a one of the formal means to represent and model knowledge in computer science, electrical engineering, system engineering and other related disciplines. Ontologies within requirements engineering may be used for formal representation of system requirements. In the Internet of Things, ontologies may be used to represent sensor knowledge and describe acquired data semantics. Designing an ontology comprehensive enough with an appropriate level of knowledge expressiveness, serving multiple purposes, from system requirements specifications to modeling knowledge based on data from IoT sensors, is one of the great challenges. This paper proposes an approach towards ontology-based requirements engineering for well-being, aging and health supported by the Internet of Things. Such an ontology design does not aim at creating a new ontology, but extending the appropriate one already existing, SAREF4EHAW, in order align with the well-being, aging and health concepts and structure the knowledge within the domain. Other contributions include a conceptual formulation for Well-Being, Aging and Health and a related taxonomy, as well as a concept of One Well-Being, Aging and Health. New attributes and relations have been proposed for the new ontology extension, along with the updated list of use cases and particular ontological requirements not covered by the original ontology. Future work envisions full specification of the new ontology extension, as well as structuring system requirements and sensor measurement parameters to follow description logic.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

A THOUSAND FACE SHIELDS FOR MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT

Over the past half year, the disease caused by the new strain of coronavirus has spread to all countries and territories of the world. In the fight against this global epidemic, the first of its magnitude since the Spanish flu in 1918, health systems around the world were under enormous burden, and medical personnel, who are on the front line of defense, needed continued assistance in protective equipment, to minimize their risk of infection in daily contact with patients. This paper presents an experience report in community engagement to make and distribute a thousand face shields for medical personnel, originally planned to support local needs but reacted to numerous requests and grew to answer the immanent needs of health and social care professionals all over Croatia. The face shield design was based on open source blueprints and adopted to fit the requirements for fast and high quality production of these equipment necessary to fight COVID-19 pandemic. This work provides an insight to campaign planning and execution, as well as analysis of delivered results and media coverage. Discussion provides guidance for similar actions to be taken in the future by local community activators to contribute to social good

SWOT Analysis of Information Security and Cybersecurity in Croatian Healthcare Institutions

SWOT analiza je tehnika strateškog planiranja koja se može koristiti za definiranje snage, slabosti, prilika i prijetnji pri zdravstvenim ustanovama kako bi pružila jasan pregled kritičnih pokazatelja ključnih za učinak i ukupni uspjeh njihovog djelovanja i poslovanja. Cilj ovog rada je procijeniti stanje informacijske i kibernetičke sigurnosti u zdravstvenim ustanovama Hrvatske, uključujući i domove zdravlja i bolničke ustanove, na temelju javno dostupnih informacija i saznanja autora. SWOT analiza se provodi bez navođenja pojedinačnih zdravstvenih ustanova, već transparentno prikazuje snage, slabosti, prilike i prijetnje koje obuhvaćaju informacijsku i kibernetičku sigurnost različitih zdravstvenih ustanova Hrvatske, uvažavajući činjenicu da su mnogim ustanovama pojedine SWOT stavke zajedničke. Ovim se radom želi dati stručni doprinos koji će predstavljati temelj za daljnju razradu strategije podizanja razine informacijske i kibernetičke sigurnosti u zdravstvenim ustanovama Hrvatske. Rezultati pokazuju podjednaku prisutnost svih elemenata, s potencijalom umanjivanja svih slabosti i prijetnji.SWOT analysis is a strategic planning technique that can be used to define the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats at health facilities to provide a clear overview of critical indicators crucial to the performance and overall success of their operations and business activities. The aim of this paper is to assess the state of information security and cybersecurity in Croatian healthcare institutions, including health centres and hospitals, based on publicly available information and awareness of the authors. The SWOT analysis is conducted without mentioning individual healthcare institutions, but transparently shows the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that include information security and cybersecurity of various healthcare institutions in Croatia, taking into account the fact that many SWOT items are common to many institutions. This paper aims to provide an expert contribution that will be the basis for further elaboration of the strategy for raising the level of information security and cybersecurity in Croatian healthcare institutions. The results show equal presence of all elements, with the potential to reduce all weaknesses and threats